Dr. Nafizal H. on LinkedIn: New Target for Asthma and COPD Drug Discovery In the breath of life… (2024)

Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs) as a Drug TargetIn the nucleus where secrets hide,Histone acetyltransferases abide,With a touch so light, an acetyl they send,Histones unwind, and chromatin bends.Gene expression in their tender care,Euchromatin forms, open and fair,Transcription factors, they find their way,RNA polymerase, joins the fray.Opposite HDACs, in a dance of might,Adding acetyls, turning on the light,Genes once silent, now take flight,In the cycle of day, and deep of night.Cell cycles turn, differentiation calls,HATs answer, within cellular walls,Modulating genes, guiding the flow,In the dance of life, they set the tempo.Beyond histones, their influence spreads,To proteins diverse, where pathways are led,Stability, location, and action they sway,Transcription factors, signal relay.In asthma’s breath and COPD’s plight,HAT activators bring new light.Enhancing gene expression’s course,They offer hope, a powerful force.Cancer’s shadow, they sometimes cast,Aberrant acetylation, roles miscast,Tumor suppressors, silenced in plight,HAT inhibitors aim to make things right.Neurological paths, they seek to heal,In neurons’ whispers, their secrets reveal,Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, a hope they provide,Modulating genes, altering the tide.Inflammation and immune’s fervent cry,In HATs’ touch, potential lies,Modulating genes, calming the storm,In autoimmune realms, bringing reform.Challenges rise in the quest to find,Selectivity and specificity, intertwined,Targeting HATs, with precision and grace,Minimizing off-targets, in this complex space.Resistance lurks, a battle to face,Combination therapies, in the race,Understanding pathways, biomarkers to seek,Tailored treatments, for the strong and the weak.In combination, strength is found,HAT inhibitors, in efficacy bound,With HDACs, DNA agents, a united front,Overcoming resistance, in this medical hunt.Histone acetyltransferases, in cells so deep,Their acetylation dance, a promise they keep,In cancer, neurons, immune’s grand quest,Their therapeutic potential, striving for the best.…………………………………………………………………Note: If you don’t like seeing my posts, there are easy solutions. You can unfollow me, block me, or simply ignore my posts.……………………………………………………………………

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) as a Drug TargetIn cells where life’s secrets lie,HDACs whisper, unseen by the eye.Enzymes deft with silent grace,Removing acetyls, they find their place.Histones wrapped in chromatin tight,Genes suppressed, kept from light.Condensation reigns, transcription fades,In the shadows, HDAC parades.Gene expression, a tale they tell,With acetyls gone, silence fell.Opposing HATs, they weave their art,In the genome’s core, they play their part.Cell cycles turn with HDAC’s hand,Differentiation, by their command.Altering genes, they shape each phase,Guiding cells through life’s maze.Beyond histones, they venture far,Deacetylating proteins near and far.Stability, function, in their sway,Transcription factors in their play.In cancer’s realm, and diseases dire,HDACs spark a genetic fire.Neurodegeneration, heart’s dismay,HDACs’ missteps lead astray.Yet hope emerges, in labs so bright,HDAC inhibitors join the fight.Vorinostat, romidepsin’s call,Reactivating genes, they stand tall.For cancer cells, they spell the end,Tumor suppressors, they defend.In blood and solid, malignancies fall,Panobinostat’s might answers the call.Neurological paths, they seek to mend,In Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, they extend.Protecting neurons, modulating flow,HDAC inhibitors, promise they show.Cardiovascular health, they aim to restore,Gene expression, heartbeats more.Inflammation tamed, immune response clear,HDAC inhibitors, the future they steer.In asthma’s breath and COPD’s plight,HDAC inhibitors bring new light.Modulating inflammation’s course,They offer hope, a powerful force.Challenges rise in drug design,Selectivity, specificity define.Isoforms targeted, side effects minimized,Precision therapy, our goal prized.Resistance lurks, a foe to beat,Combination strategies, our plan complete.Biomarkers guide, the tailored cure,Enhancing efficacy, making treatments sure.In essence, HDACs stand,Critical regulators, life’s command.Targets for drugs, with potential grand,Their therapeutic promise, across the land.…………………………………………………………………Note: If you don’t like seeing my posts, there are easy solutions. You can unfollow me, block me, or simply ignore my posts.…………………………………………………………………….

The RNA Primase as a Drug TargetIn replication’s grand design,RNA primase stands in line.An enzyme small, yet mighty in deed,Laying foundations for life to proceed.Primase, a builder, starts the chain,Synthesizing primers on DNA’s terrain.Short RNA sequences it lays,Guiding DNA polymerase through the maze.Crucial on leading and lagging strands,Primase initiates where others can’t.One primer for the leading strand,Many for lagging, where fragments expand.With helicase and polymerase,It orchestrates DNA’s ballet.Binding proteins ensure strands don’t fray,Together they replicate in perfect sway.From 5’ to 3’, the strand grows wide,Replication smooth, like a flowing tide.On the lagging strand, primase lays,Okazaki fragments, ligase stays.A helper true, primase ensures the task,For polymerase to write on DNA’s page.Against bacteria, inhibitors aim,New antibiotics could be the gain.In dividing cells, primase’s role can’t be denied,Inhibiting it in cancer’s race,Could halt growth, slow the pace.Mutations in primase’s code,Reveal issues we find.Therapies targeting its dance,Offer life a chance.Researchers bold, compounds they seek,Blocking replication’s key,Stopping bacterial growth,Setting us free.In cancer’s fight, a new approach,Stopping replication, hopeful broach.Understanding disorders by primase’s hands,Gene therapy brings hope to light.RNA primase, unsung hero of the cell,In the orchestra of life, it plays so well.From replication’s start to medicine’s hope,Primase guides us, helping us cope.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::What is Okazaki fragments?Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides that are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together to create the lagging strand during DNA replication. These fragments are produced because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction. On the lagging strand, replication occurs in small segments as the replication fork opens, resulting in these fragments. Once formed, Okazaki fragments are joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase to form a continuous strand.………………………………………………………………….Note: If you don’t like seeing my posts, there are easy solutions. You can unfollow me, block me, or simply ignore my posts.…………………………………………………………………….

The DNA Helicase as a Drug Target In the heart of every cell, where secrets lie,DNA helicase begins its sigh.An enzyme of might, with tasks so grand,It unwinds life’s thread with a steady hand.Unwinding DNA, its essential role,Opening the helix, making it whole.It splits the strands with effortless grace,Allowing replication to take place.Breaking hydrogen bonds with precision’s art,It separates strands, each a counterpart.For replication forks to progress and grow,Helicase ensures that templates flow.Breaking hydrogen bonds with precision’s art,It separates strands, each a counterpart.Not just for copying, but for repair too,It opens the strands for what’s overdue.In DNA repair, it finds its way,Unwinding damage by light of day.Nucleotide excision, it helps to guide,Letting repair proteins work side by side.In recombination, it plays a part,Swapping genes with a genetic heart.Facilitating exchanges, ensuring mix,Creating diversity through intricate tricks.In cancer therapy, it holds a key,Inhibiting helicase, cells cease to be.Dysregulated replication in cancer’s frame,Helicase inhibitors bring lethal acclaim.For antiviral therapies, it stands in fight,Targeting helicases, diminishing viral blight.Hepatitis and herpes, they meet their end,With inhibitors designed to thwart and mend.In genetic disorders, it tells a tale,Mutations in helicase can cause to fail.Werner and Bloom, with syndromes stark,Understanding helicase can hit the mark.Enhancing DNA repair, a noble aim,In faulty cells, it aids the game.Small molecules to boost its might,Maintaining genomes, keeping cells right.In drug discovery, it finds a role,High-throughput screenings make it whole.Inhibitors and activators, new drugs find,Therapeutic agents for humankind.DNA helicase shines so bright,Crucial in life’s delicate designs.With functions vast, it leads the way,A target for healing, in night and day.So here’s to helicase, a molecular knight,Guarding our cells, in the dark and light.With every unwind, a promise renewed,For a future of medicine, strong and true.………………………………………………………………..If you don’t like seeing my posts, there are easy solutions. You can unfollow me, block me, or simply ignore my posts.………………………………………………………………..

The siRNA and its Biological ImportanceIn the cell’s vast and intricate dance,A silent force, with precision and chance.Small interfering RNA takes its stage,In the theater of life, on a genetic page.Born from double-stranded threads,Dicer cuts, the strands are shed.Fragments form, so short and neat,Twenty pairs, a molecular feat.Into RISC, the fragments glide,Strands unwind, as if they slide.The guide strand stays, a faithful friend,To seek and find, to cleave, to mend.A target found, the match is made,RISC binds tight, and roles are played.mRNA, its message cleaved,A silence falls, the cell relieved.Through this dance, genes are tuned,A melody of life attuned.Viruses fall, their whispers quelled,Transposons hushed, their chaos felled.In ninety-eight, a breakthrough came,Fire and Mello, they earned their fame.In worms they found the RNAi way,A Nobel Prize for their display.In medicine, a hopeful light,siRNA, with aim so right.Silencing genes that cause disease,In cancer’s grip, it finds the keys.For viral foes, it stands its ground,In genetic ills, new hope is found.A future bright with promise seen,In every cell, on every gene.So here’s to siRNA’s grace,A tiny player, a mighty case.In silence, strength, in shadows, might,A guardian in the cell’s own fight.…………….. …………. ……………………RISC stands for RNA-Induced Silencing Complex.Dicer Enzyme: An enzyme called Dicer, a ribonuclease, processes the long dsRNA into short double-stranded fragments of siRNA.Note:If you don’t like seeing my posts, there are easy solutions. You can unfollow me, block me, or simply ignore my posts.………………………………………………………………..

Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies: Nature’s Defense and Lab’s PrecisionIn the world of defense, where cells align,Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies shine.Each with a role, distinct and grand,Guarding our health with a vigilant hand.When an antigen invades our land,The immune system takes a stand.Various B cells rise to the fight,Recognizing epitopes in their sight.Activated B cells proliferate wide,Creating diversity on every side.Each B cell, with its unique aim,Produces antibodies, each one the same.A polyclonal response, diverse and strong,Antibodies in multitude, where they belong.Targeting multiple epitopes in view,Guarding our health, through and through.In humans and animals, the process starts,Immune systems awaken, strong in their hearts.Antigens appear, with boosters in tow,Antibodies rise, as their numbers grow.Laboratory methods, precise and grand,Produce these antibodies, by human hand.Polyclonal, a natural story retold,In labs and bodies, their purpose unfolds.Monoclonals, precise and true,Born in the lab, not in me or you.Isolated cells, a single clone,Targeting one epitope alone.Hybridomas crafted, a fusion so bright,Cells immortal, producing light.Specificity unmatched, their guiding star,In therapies and research, they’ve come far.Not naturally produced, yet vital still,For targeted treatments, they fit the bill.From cancer to autoimmune despair,Monoclonal antibodies are there.Polyclonal and monoclonal, side by side,In nature’s defense, and in labs they reside.Each with a story, a purpose so clear,Guardians of health, forever near.So marvel at the immune system’s might,And the lab’s precision, bringing light.In the dance of antibodies, we see,Nature and science, in harmony.

How Much mRNA is Needed to Have Therapeutic Effects!In the realm of genes, where mysteries lie,mRNA comes forth, a hero in the sky.To mend defective genes, a beacon of hope,With each tiny strand, our bodies cope.No need for much, a dose so small,For one mRNA can stand tall.It crafts proteins, in numbers grand,From just a few, to thousands at hand.With lifespan varied, some fade away,While others linger, through night and day.Stable and strong, they last through the night,Producing proteins with all their might.Ribosomes at work, with skill and grace,Translate sequences at a steady pace.Efficiently they weave, without delay,Proteins assembled in a seamless array.Cells’ secret dance, a regulatory chance,Enhancing, inhibiting, in a balanced stance.MicroRNAs and proteins that bind,Each plays a part in the grand design.In varied scenes, different cells stand,With roles unseen, each circ*mstance planned.Stress and calm, conditions sway,The rate of translation, by night and day.Genetic disorders, their shadows fall,Cystic fibrosis, muscular woes call.mRNA targets, new hope it sows,A beacon of light where despair grows.In cancer’s fierce and grim fight,Oncogenes and suppressors take flight.Inhibiting growth, inducing death,mRNA’s promise, a saving breath.Metabolic disorders, enzymes to give,Therapeutic proteins, allowing life to live.Hormones and cytokines, responses keen,Balancing the body, in every scene.Studies have shown, in varied sights,Hundreds to thousands, proteins in flights.Each mRNA, a tale to tell,In the context of life, it serves so well.Though precise numbers are hard to find,A single mRNA can unwind,From a few to thousands, proteins arise,In the dance of life, under cellular skies.So marvel at mRNA, medicine’s new light,A tiny strand, with power so bright.In the quest to heal, it shows the way,Guiding us to a brighter day.

The Paradigm Shift by LC-MS: The Reaction Monitoring Tool for Organic /Medicinal ChemistsIn university days, reactions flowed with ease,But tracking them brought us to our knees.With TLC, our guide through the chemical night,Yet its spots left us guessing, clouding our sight.We isolated products, one by one,Hoping the desired product had been won.But sometimes, the goal was still out of reach,Minor products discarded, a lesson to teach.Back to square one, with frustration in tow,In search of a method to help us know.Then came the breakthrough, the game-changer bright,LC-MS brought clarity, sharp and right.In the pharmaceutical realm, it took its place,Revolutionizing reactions with elegant grace.Monitoring progress, purifying with ease,Productivity soared, bringing chemists to their knees.No more guessing games, no steps retraced,With LC-MS, our methods embraced.Now in every lab, its presence is shown,No chemist ventures without its known.Reactions precise, progress clear,LC-MS, our beacon, our guide so dear.From the murky past, we’ve risen high,In the realm of chemistry, we now touch the sky.

Making Alliances with High PricesIn nations’ quest for strength and might,They seek alliances in the global light.With powerful friends like the USA,For security, they often sway.But with support comes a heavy price,A compromise, not always nice.To gain the shield, they must concede,To actions not born of their creed.Semi-independent, they tread a line,In shadows cast by powers’ shine.Europe’s lands, in their embrace,Find security, but at what pace?Their own defenses weak and thin,Dependence grows, autonomy dim.A guardian’s call they must abide,Even when it conflicts inside.For a world where power’s not confined,A multipolar dream we must find.The EU should rise, its strength unfurled,To stand alone in this vast world.Building forces strong and free,A beacon of true sovereignty.Independent voices clear and bright,Guided by their own true light.No longer bound by outside might,Their future shaped by their own sight.With unity and strength combined,A path to peace for humankind.